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Conflict in the Gulf 1980–2011

MOD-GULF is worth about 25 marks out of 100 in recent HSC Modern History papers. Practise 14 exam-style questions (multiple choice, short answer) with instant marking and a worked solution for every question.

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Topic notes

The Iran–Iraq War, the invasion of Kuwait and the 1991 Gulf War, sanctions and inspections, the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the transition to 2011, with the roles of the UN, the USA and Australia and how to plan the 25-mark essay.

  1. 1What you need to know
  2. 2The Ba'athist regime and the Iran–Iraq War
  3. 3The invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War, 1990–91
  4. 4After 1991: containment
  5. 5The Iraq War, 2003
  6. 6Iraq in transition, 2003–2011
  7. 7Interpretations
  8. 8Planning a 25-mark essay
  9. 9Common mistakes
  10. 10Exam tips
  11. 11Links to other topics
READ THE NOTES

Example questions

Example 1 · 1 mark · multiple choice

Which factor best explains Saddam Hussein's decision to invade Iran in September 1980?

  1. AIran had closed the Strait of Hormuz to Iraqi oil tankers
  2. BThe UN Security Council had authorised Iraq to recover the Shatt al-Arab
  3. CThe Soviet Union had ordered Iraq to attack its rival
  4. DHe saw revolutionary Iran as a threat and an opportunity

Example 2 · 1 mark · multiple choice

Which was a main justification given by the US and British governments for invading Iraq in March 2003?

  1. AThat the UN Security Council had voted for an invasion
  2. BThat Iraq held banned weapons of mass destruction
  3. CThat Iraq had attacked Saudi Arabia in 2002
  4. DThat Iraq had carried out the attacks of 11 September 2001

Answers and worked solutions appear when you practise these questions.

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